Summary Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films

Summary: Lord of the Flies Introduction Lord Of The Flies, by William Golding, focused on the development and deterioration of a miniature society of boys isolated on a small tropical island. The story centred around individuals representing different aspects of children and their personalities. Beginning with a child-like innocence, the novel brought forth many of the sinister characteristics of human nature as the use of violence became more frequent and progressed into an ultimate pinnacle. The violence provided a sense of realism in that the author did not try to hide the factual harshness of the world by covering it with a false softness. The text was very descriptive of the setting and the physical and mental appearance of the protagonists and antagonists. The style of writing being sometimes simple-minded and not fully aware of "the outside world" suited the characters' ages. The book dealt with our true nature as revealed by the freedom from the disciplinary boundaries of modern society. Chapter 1 The description of the lead character in the beginning of the story, was that of a light-coloured boy who was soon given the name Ralph. Ralph seemed a typical kid. His fair appearance and size made him likeable and gave him an inner-strength of self-confidence. His interaction with Piggy showed that he was not ill-natured. Although he laughed at Piggy's name, it was not with real malice for he had ridiculed his external appearance. Piggy's rather unique attributes had made him an outcast of the mainstream of boys at his age, and his lack of self-esteem reflected that. He too seemed good-natured as he behaved in a polite fashion. The fact that Piggy was knowledgable and well-educated was made apparent by his air of responsibility. The conch was presented as a symbol of authority and order. It summoned all the boys from the island to the assembly, and it gave its holder the right to speak. It also set Ralph apart from the bigger boys and helped him to be leader. The clothing worn by the boys made them seem more civilized, and the inappropriateness of such garments made them very much out of place. The uniformed Jack and his choir were seen as a superior power. Being more proper, the uniforms created an isolated unity for the choir. The force of Jack's authority over his choir and his malicious and arrogant personality dwarfed Piggy. Ralph's attempt to defend Piggy being called fatty resulted in more embarrassment for Piggy. The childish laughters formed a bond among the boys and made Piggy what he had always been, an outcast. At their first meeting, all the boys were introduced by their first names. The complicated and serious formalities with their last names were left out to suit their age groups and perhaps to provide a sense of unity among the boys. Jack's insistence on being called Merridew showed his desire to be superior among the boys. His defeat after the vote for chief was taken uneasily at first (hinted by the imagery of a red facial expression), but after being offered the command of his choir, he accepted his status. Among the boys in the choir, Roger was first seen as a shy and quiet boy, while Simon was introduced as pleasant-mannered and happy. Ralph, Simon and Jack's exploration of the island allowed the reader to examine the innocent and playful nature of a small group of boys. Their playful attitude was clearly evident as they were energetic and enthusiastic towards their new environment. They interpretation of their surroundings were truthful and simple. Their first encounter of the pig ended with Jack hesitating to stab the pig. This demonstrated Jack's inexperience as a killer, as compared to what he would become later in the book. Chapter 2 Already, the smaller boys could be seen segregated from the bigger ones. In some instances (in meetings for example), the older boys were like the more powerful and decisive adults while the smaller boys were depicted as the more playful and less responsible children. The little boy's story of the "snake-thing" was not taken too seriously by the older boys. As the story progresses on, it dealt less and less with the smaller boys, until near the ending, they were almost completely ignored. Ralph's leadership was well reflected by his public speaking skills. He was able to convey his thoughts clearly and fluently. Jack too seemed quite able to speak and was quite eager to do so. His suggestion to make rules showed that he wanted to assert control over the "society"

Where have you been Essay Example

Where have you been Essay Example Where have you been Essay Where have you been Essay The story begins by portraying Connie’s character. She is rebellious, self-centered, romantic, seductive, but lacks experience. Her life was portrayed as a girl whose only confidence was rooted from her charm and beauty. Her normal life circles around facing the mirror and making herself beautiful, being scolded by her mother, being compared to his sister, a father who don’t took time for her, and hanging out with her best friend. She loves to watch movies and listening to music. She meets boys but the story did not clearly portray of her having a boyfriend. That was once the constant life she had, then one day everything has changed. A stranger came in to their house when she was left alone. The stranger uttered promising words about escaping the cruelties she had at home and discovering the world where she could do everything she desires. She was fighting at deep inside at first. In the end she turned out to become a victim of a demonic character who seduced and threa tened her through her weakness.2.    Explain the theme and historical content of the articleThe theme of the story tackles on abuses on women’s rights. The story also portrayed most problems associated with young ages like being unable to speak freely, and the lack of experience as a basis of making logical judgment. The historical content is closely associated with Women’s Movement. It was also based on a story about a psychopath on his early thirties known as The Pied Piper of Tucson. He loves to seduce women and then murder them. Most of her victims were teenagers in the Tucson area, for some reason they kept his secret, deliberately did not inform parents or police.Oates has been very particular in devoting some of her writings for supporting Women’s Movement. This is the response of many crusaders to rampant cases of abuses and violence – physically, emotionally, sexually against women in the past years. It was intensified in the year 1960s and ear ly 70s and has become subjects of many debates and literature writings concerning giving equal rights and opportunities for men and women. The movement is fighting for giving women equal employment opportunities with men, freedom to speak for themselves, and balance of power in handling their relationships with families.Most of her writings were fictional portrayals of real situations and cases occurring between sexes being women as the subject of violence. Critics believed that Oates occupies a controversial position in tradition of feminist literature. She portrays most of her female characters as fearful, reliant and passive – for instance, Connie was portrayed as a young girl who has lived in the shadow of her mother’s improper upbringing. She was always scolded by her mother and being compared to his older sister in her habitual characters and actions which her mother emphasized as indecent. That kind of situation was very miserable that she’d wished sheâ⠂¬â„¢d died as a way of departing from it. She lives in fear and was unable to overcome it. Being portrayed as young at age clearly shows women’s weakness that had turned them submissive and disregarded in most cases. Her mother as supreme over her portrays her position that is always searching to be heard. Being a victim of emotional abuse she ended up thinking of what is life outside her away from the family she hated. The whole story itself shows women as powerless against abusers. The story ended has a hanging ending, although she has escaped the cruelties at home but ends up at another abuser’s hands.While most critics have negative perceptions of her ideas about dependency of women, there are still who have defended the feminist sense in her writings. In fact, in her later works she was able to portray power of female bonds and their journey towards self discovery.3.    Offer support or criticism to the essay of your own thought. Offer support (at least TWO ref erences).The story calls for awakening. We should not abuse every authority we have because our actions have direct effects on people around us either physically or mentally. It has rooted deep influence on its readers that it has become one of the most widely reprinted stories that have appeared on many short story compilations. In 1972, Walter Sullivan noted the story as â€Å"one of her most widely reprinted stories and justly so.† Awakening is, in the storys final lines, moving out into the sunlight where Arnold Friend waits: My sweet little blue-eyed girl, he said in a half-sung sigh that had nothing to do with [Connies] brown eyes but was taken up just the same by the vast sunlit reaches of the land behind him and on all sides of him- so much land that Connie had never seen before and did not recognize except to know that she was going to it. (usfca.edu/~southerr/works/film/smoothtalk.html). For Connie, it was an awakening of what is life out of home? And what is life i n the real world. When treated on our present society, there are lots of individuals who became members of cruelties by those who consider themselves powerful and strong. The wise have fooled many people by their promising words and threatening. Just like how Arnold’s friend uttered promising words and threatening to force Connie to go with her.All throughout the story, there lines were temptations have succeeded over Connie. She never listen to her mom, but instead rebel inside and wished she and her mom would better die. Her young mind’s desire of having fun, and her ignorant desire for romance, and be able to grow old for her to escape from being tightened have exposed her to the world of the more experienced individuals. That is how Arnold’s friend met her and have started to desire for her young and desirable charm and beauty. It happens in real life; teenagers became victims of rape cases, involved in addictive vices, and do unlawful actions.The ethos of h er writing was showed using real life figures: a mother, a sister, a friend, and the seducing old friend. Oates portrayed that everything that happens in our life has direct connection with the people around us. What we do and what they do have vice-versa effects on one another. The Logos of her writing was showed by presenting the demonic old friends method of seducing Connie in a logical way. He spoke of anything that Connie desired and feared that led Connie to surrender in the end. The Pathos of her writing was showed by using thrilling situations like the scene where Connie was left alone in the house and then Arnold’s friend suddenly came to threat and seduce him. Connie has appeared pitiful and powerless compared to the older stranger’s actions.Reference:Oates, Joyce Carol, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† reprinted in X.J. Kennedy’s Literature: An introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, 5th ed (Harper Collins, 1991). http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_Are_You_Going,_Where_Have_You_Been Are You Going, Where Have You Been?Where Have You Been? Where Are You Going Summary and Study Guide. Bookrags Website.   Ã‚  Ã‚  June 11, 2008. bookrags.com/studyguide-goinghaveyoubeen/intro.html.Prized Writing. UC Davis University Website. June 12, 2008. http://prizedwriting.ucdavis.edu/past/1992-1993/martinez.html

Managing Organisational Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing Organisational Communication - Essay Example Movement through sequence is characterized by one or more of the parties making concessions in return for concessions being made by the other party (or parties). What the parties do is trade-off' some part of their original negotiating position. This process continues until the parties either reach a point of agreement--i.e. they are prepared to accept the position of the opposing side--or a stalemate is reached. (Susskind and Cruikshank, 1987). Principled negotiation is arguably harder for those in a position of relative power to achieve than for those who have less power in the relationship. For example, a director heading a team of 40 sales and marketing staff has the final say when it comes to decisions - but if that decision leaves the staff feeling unfairly treated, the director has not achieved a good result for the staff, themselves or the firm. Ethics is a set of moral principle and values. Ethics is no longer a purely personal concern. Nor is it something that organizational leaders can take for granted. Today, a well-tuned sense of the ethical has become a 'must have' for those in business wishing to create and belong to sustainable enterprises, as well as for the average person in the street who is concerned about who they work for, who they buy from and who they invest in. Therefore we have written this primer. WHAT IS CSR The ethic of corporate social responsibility has been described as "the alignment of business operations with social values. CSR consists of integrating the interest of stakeholders--all of those affected by a company's conduct--into the company's business policies and actions." Fundamentally, socially responsible behavior internalizes all external consequences of an action, both its costs and benefits. Ultimately, the corporation is only a reflection of consumers' demands and priorities; true social change necessarily involves changes in consumers' demands. Voluntary CSR is really nothing more than corporate advertising that makes consumers aware of new products with features for which they are willing to pay. Although CSR advocates portray a profit-centric corporation as socially irresponsible, the opposite is true. A profit-centric firm provides the optimal amount of socially responsible behavior. Although concern with ethics and CSR has always been a part of doing business, business leaders today are beginning to think about ethics as a set of principles and guides of behavior rather than a set of rigid rules. In this sense, business ethics is not only an attempt to set a standard by which all of the employees of a company can know what is expected, but it is also an attempt to encourage employees, managers, and board members to think about and make decisions through the prism of a shared set of values (Coors & Wayne, 2005). Q7 Part (b) A discourse that seeks to persuade or convince is not made up of an accumulation of disorderly arguments, indefinite in number; on the contrary, it requires an organization of selected arguments

CANTON-MOVIE ARTWORK BY PAUL SAMPLE Research Paper

CANTON-MOVIE ARTWORK BY PAUL SAMPLE - Research Paper Example The artwork was painted by Paul Sample showing US troops in Canton Island in 1946. Canton Island was one of the largest and used by the US navy and air force soldiers as stop over. This found when the United States was just out of the Second World War and it acted as a symbolic feature to the US military troops and the civilians to remind them of the impact of the war. This will also remind them how their military army and combat soldiers defended the country from foreign attacks. The artwork is currently kept in the US military museum in Washington DC alongside other early arts. The artworks provide great encouragement to the troops reminding them of their ancient heroes (Henkes 2001). The physical appearance of the painting shows US military troops keeping surveillance of the enemies. One soldier is portrayed to be on top of the raised hill and one on top of the tree to enable him observes enemies from a far horizon and observes any enemy of aerial attacks. It is also important to note that there is a picture of a movie of a man and woman embracing one another. This can be taken to describe the happy moments in the United States before the second war erupted (Henkes 2001). Clearly looking at the picture, it is true to note that all the military soldiers are glued to the movie. This therefore shows that despite the soldiers being involved in the war, they had time for entrainments. There is a bright moonlight above in the blue sky clearly indicating that it is night hour. This shows that the Americans were ready to fight and defend their country despite all odds and that is why they are keeping vigil even at night. The portrait also clearly shows that the military officers are armed with firearms such as guns ready for any attack from their enemies (Henkes 2001). The ground color in the work is mostly brown and beige, it lacks vegetation, and there are scattered stones around the place. There is no sign of movement of the people in the picture but they are sta tioned at different points in the painting facing different directions. The location of the artwork is on a raised ground probably a hill (Henkes 2001). Interpretation of the Artwork. The visual outlook of the artwork has vividly been explained. From the above description, it is important to note the portrait acts a remembrance to the citizens of the important roles done by the US military and the combat soldiers in maintaining the security of their homeland during the period of Second World War. It also reminds and provides good background information for the new generations of America on the suffering and endurance that their ancient natives underwent during the war to protect the country from attacks (Henkes 2001). The portrait can also be interpreted to show the effects of the Second World War on American economy that deteriorated the economic status of the American citizens due to the mass destruction of property. This can be evident by the bare ground that is on the picture, t he lack of vegetation, and the scattered stones. These show the destruction that took place. It is also evident from the picture that the soldiers also only had simple war weapons, the guns. This can mean that during the Second World War, the US military did not have adequate war equipment and mainly depended on the simple guns for defense (Henkes 2001). The brown color in the painting portrays the endurance of the American citizens during the hard times of the war that also had great effect on their economy besides affecting their social lives. The brown color also indicates unity of the people. The Second World War erupted when there was a great racial discrimination in the United States. The blacks were discriminated against by the whites and they were not

Ontario Teachers Pension Plan Essay Example for Free

Ontario Teachers Pension Plan Essay Ontario Teacher’s Pension Plan Board: Hedging Foreign Currency Exposure Ontario Teacher’s Pension Plan Board: Hedging Foreign Currency Exposure Issue Identification The Ontario Teacher’s Pension Plan (OTPP) is a defined contribution plan that was created in 1917 to provide and administer a pension plan for Ontario school teachers. Sponsored by the Ontario Government and the Ontario Teacher’s Federation, the plan currently supports 343,000 teachers, former teachers and pensioners. The recent government decision to eliminate the 30% constraint on foreign investments and the increased volatility in the currency market has prompted the OTPP Investment Committee to address the following: 1. Whether to continue the International Equity Swap Program 2. Whether to administer changes to the Foreign Exchange Hedging Policy Goals and Objectives In order to come to a decision, it is necessary that any solution put forth must align with the goals and objectives of the fund. OTPP is a long-term fund determined to minimize risk, costs and the additional contributions required to fund the plan while maximizing its returns. OTPP Investment Strategy In the early 1990’s the OTPP board realized that it was essential to begin investing abroad to diversify risk and to capitalize on international opportunities to achieve greater returns, given the size of the fund. However, it was not until 1996 that the Foreign Exchange Hedge Program (FX Hedge Program) was implemented in response to a significant rise in currency exposure. As the fund faced increased foreign currency risk, risk management became essential and thus, a hedging policy of 50% of its foreign currency exposure was introduced. Due to the fact that OTPP has a continual commitment in supporting its pensioners, it must expose itself to limited risk and effectively hedge against any unexpected changes in its investments. Hence, a conservative policy of hedging 50% of foreign exchange exposure was enforced. Additionally, the International Equity Swap Program (IE Swap Program) was implemented as a solution to the government restriction of 30% ownership of foreign investments. Since most assets were tied up in non-marketable Ontario Debentures, a swap program enabled OTPP to reallocate its assets. OTPP Performance Evaluation The strategic decision to diversify beyond Canada and into global markets has proved to be beneficial to the OTPP investment portfolio. It has contributed substantial value to the fund over the 10 year period (1995-2005) by reducing potential losses, since five of the six foreign currencies appreciated against the Canadian dollar. For the past 15 years, OTPP investments have also consistently outperformed the benchmark rate of returns, generating a 10-year average rate of return of 11. 4% and a gross return of $15. billion over benchmark returns. Despite the portfolio’s negative rate of returns in 2001-2002, it has still produced considerable investment growth in relation to the benchmark, demonstrating the strength of OTPP’s investment policies in risk management. However, since interest rates have declined by approximately 3% (1990-2004), the value of the pension fund has increased. This has resulted in larger amount of payments made to pen sioners. Additionally, the demographics of the OTPP plan membership have changed significantly over the past 30 years. The ratio of active members per retiree has decreased from 10:1 in the 1970s to the present ratio of 1. 6:1. Moreover, the expected years retirees rely on the pension have also increased to 29 years. All these factors have exerted a great deal of pressure on the pension plan to sustain its funding with contributions from fewer working teachers. With the foreign currency market being increasingly volatile, OTPP is concerned regarding its future ability to support pension payments. Decision Criteria The Investment Committee must consider the following criteria when deciding whether to implement changes to the International Equity Swap Program and Foreign Exchange Hedging Policy: the fund’s exposure to foreign exchange risk, transaction costs, and an alignment of goals and objectives of the fund. Alternative: Although OTPP has performed well in the past, the future outlook of the pension plan remains uncertain. Therefore, OTPP has four alternatives to the future direction of the fund. OTPP can continue or discontinue the IE Swap Program and maintain or revise the current 50% FX Hedge Policy. Continue/Discontinue the Swap Program Previously, the swap program was used as a means to bypass the government restriction on foreign investment. With the regulation being lifted, OTPP has to now evaluate whether the swap program remains necessary. The program has allowed OTPP to reallocate their assets cost-effectively as it eliminates OTPP’s cost of transacting directly in foreign exchange market. Moreover, since OTPP does not gain ownership of the securities, it has reduced the amount of cash required and limited its risk by transferring the risk to counter-parties (UBS, Credit Suisse, JP Morgan, etc. ).

Heinrich Schliemann Essay -- essays research papers fc

"We could describe (Heinrich) Schliemann's excavations on the hill of Hissarlik and consider their results without speaking of Troy or even alluding to it," Georges Perrot wrote in 1891 in his Journal des Savants. "Even then, they would have added a whole new chapter to the history of civilization, the history of art" (qtd. in Duchêne 87). Heinrich Schliemann's life is the stuff fairy tales are made of. A poor, uneducated, and motherless boy rises through his hard work and parsimonious lifestyle to the heights of wealth (Burg 1,2). He travels the world and learns its languages ("Heinrich Schliemann"), takes a beautiful Greek bride, and together they unearth the treasures of Troy and the citadel of Agamemnon, thereby fulfilling the dream he has chased since childhood (Calder 18,19; Burg 8). Indeed, by presenting his life in romantic autobiographies as a series of adventures, starring Heinrich Schliemann as the epic hero (Duchêne 14), h e ensured his status as a lasting folk hero and perennial bestseller (Calder 19). The reality was that Heinrich Schliemann was an incredible con man, a generally unlikable braggart who succeeded only because of his queer mix of genius and fraudulence. He had a shylock's conscience when it came to business dealings, and his shady methods pervaded both his life and his archaeology (Burg, 15-31). Schliemann had a habit of rewriting his past in order to paint a more dramatic picture of himself. Among the events he reported that have been found to be grossly untrue are his tales of being entertained by the American president Millard Fillmore and his wife in 1851, and his narrow escape from the San Francisco fire of that same year (Traill 9-13). More disturbing is when he applies these tactics to his archaeology. In December of 1981 Professor David Traill, a Latinist, concluded that the "Treasure of Priam", Schliemann's most impressive find at Troy, was actually a composite of several small finds uncovered from beyond the walls of the city. Schliemann had collected the pieces from 1871 to 1873 in order to produce a single find large enough to earn him the respect of fellow archaeologists, and also permission from the British to excavate at Mycenae (Calder 33). Twenty years of research led the Traill to the belief that, "the question is no longer whether but rather t... ...tp://www.astro.virginia.edu/~eww6n/bios/Schliemann/> "Homeric Questions Part III - Archaeology- 9/6/98." The Mining Company, <http://archaeology.miningco.com/library/weekly/aa090698.htm?pid=2765&cob=home>(6 September 1998) Kiernan, Mary K. "Heinrich Schliemann." Lecture at Vero Beach High School, 21 October 1997. Lost Treasures of Troy. BBC, London. 1994 "The Minoan Costume." FirstNet, <http://www.firstnethou.com/annam/costhist.html/minoan.html/index.html> Traill, David. Schliemann of Troy: Treasure and Deceit. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995. "Troy." Thinkquest Organization, <http://www.thinkquest.org/tqfans.html> "Troy VI." Dartmouth Archaeology, <http://devlab.cs.dartmouth.edu/history/bronze_age/lessons/23.html> "TROY: 4000 year old Ancient City." <http://www.iit.edu/~agunsal/truva/truva/truva.html> "Western Anatolia and the Eastern Aegean." <http://devlab.dartmouth.edu/history/bronze_age/lessons/7.html#9>(3 July 1996)            

Microsoft Opens the Gates: Patent, Piracy, and Political Challenges in China Essay

Microsoft faced many macro risks when operating in China. Many of these risks included software piracy, Chinese government pressure to transfer technology, host government promotion of competitor products, discriminatory procurement practices by sub-national authorities in China, and the strong encouragement for Microsoft to enter joint ventures with local firms. One main micro risk that Microsoft faced was when the Beijing Municipal government avoided Microsoft by awarding operating system software contracts for 2,000 PCs to Red Flag Linux. I see these risk increasing due to the fact that the Chinese Central Bank has put new restrictions to foreign exchange transactions in attempt to control the flow of convertible currency out of the country. This restriction set in place by the Chinese Central Bank was described as a â€Å"crackdown† on illegal transactions. This change will effectively make it more difficult for both domestic and international companies to move capital in and out of China. In result, only increasing the risks for MNCs to do business in China. Another main reason why I see the risks increasing is that the Chinese government has not made an effort to control the piracy/counterfeiting issues. Counterfeiters are China’s largest state owned factories. These risk are also found in other developing countries such as India where piracy and counterfeiting is a big issue. After the U. S. – China accord on intellectual property rights in 1992, it encouraged Microsoft to explore further opportunities in China. In order to manage political risk in China, initially, Microsoft signed various agreements with Chinese PC producers to pre-load its software on their computers. Other approaches to manage political risk included opening Microsoft Research China (Microsoft’s second international research lab and the first one in Asia) and signed agreements with China’s top four computer makers to preinstall Windows XP on their machines. One of the most notable approaches was when Microsoft signed an accord with the Shanghai Municipal government whereby agreed to help develop Shanghai’s software sector, expand its Shanghai regional support center into a global support center, and train thousands of software architects. Ultimately, Microsoft continued to manage political risks throughout the years by continuing to build agreements with Chinese PC manufacturers, develop new partnerships and better its relations with the Chinese government. I favor the strong ties that Microsoft built over the past two decades with the Chinese government and feel that all the techniques they used to manage political risk were needed in order to conduct profitable business in such a scrutinized country and economy. Going forward, Microsoft should continue to try and enforce IPR and keep healthy relationships with the Chinese for obvious reasons. They should keep developing partnerships and build a Microsoft oriented software sector in China through training/certification to strengthen the company’s forecast. By having to deal with lower levels of government, it created an initial challenge to â€Å"win† over the lower level of government in order to strengthen Microsoft’s overall relationship with China. Specific challenges included when the they signed agreements with China’s State Development & Planning Commission to invest in education/training, signed a large investment and cooperation deal with the Beijing Commission on Science & Technology and struck partnership deals with various Chinese companies such as Petro China. Although Microsoft kept making strong efforts to strengthen the relationship with China, they still faced many challenges to overcome China’s discrimination towards the company by requiring all ministries to purchase Linux based software. These challenges created new opportunities for Microsoft to create new initiatives to benefit the Chinese economy which in result helped them build a strong footprint in China. Yes other firms do have the same risk management options as Microsoft did. Other firms did have the same risk management options because all MNCs faced the same macro/micro issues that Microsoft faced when entering the China markets which included pressure to transfer technology, host government promotion of competitor products, discriminatory procurement practices by sub-national authorities in China, and the strong encouragement to enter joint ventures with local firms. Microsoft is creating serious risks by supporting, financing, and transferring technology to local Chinese software firms but had to do so in rder to have success in China. By them giving back to the Chinese economy, in return a large percentage of software users are using Microsoft product legally and illegally. In result, the end user is most likely using a Microsoft product and creates brand awareness. Microsoft used the appropriabiltiy theory to manage their risks by only sharing information with their partners that is only appropriate in order to make the partnership work.